Maria Montessori was an Italian physician and educator best known for developing the Montessori method of education. Born in 1870, she was one of the first women in Italy to become a doctor. Through her work with children—especially those with disabilities—she observed that they learned best in environments that encouraged independence, hands-on exploration, and self-directed learning. In 1907, she opened her first school, the Casa dei Bambini (Children’s House), and her educational philosophy quickly spread worldwide. Montessori’s work emphasized respect for the child, freedom within limits, and the importance of a prepared environment tailored to developmental needs.